Dynamic models to reconstruct ancient landscapes

In this paper a method of landscape analysis is demonstrated through raster-based digital elevation models (DEM) using the case-study of the Helike Delta, Gulf of Corinth, Greece. In the Classical Period, Helike was the seat of the Achaean League and the worship centre of the god Helikonian Poseidon. With the focus on the earthquake and tsunami of 373BC, DEMs are generated using dynamic models of sea level rise, tectonic and pulse tectonic uplift, sub-sidence, and sediment deposition. Starting with a DEM from the present day landscape, simulated DEM models are generated for the Early Helladic II/III (2500-2100BC), Classical (480-323BC), Hellenistic (323-146 BC), and Roman (1st Century BC – 4th Century AD Periods). The models shed light on archaeological interpretation concerning the continuity and discontinuity of human occupation in the Helike Delta. Moreover, the method demonstrates a new approach to dynamic landscape analysis using GIS that is general and can be applied to any landscape. Keywords: GIS, dynamic models, raster-based DEM, landscape analysis, geomorphology, geoarchaeology, Helike Delta