The use of implementation science frameworks to promote maternal and child health delivery programs in Nigeria

Maternal and Child Health (MCH) remains a significant public health concern in Nigeria, with high maternal and child mortality rates. Although effective, evidence-based interventions exist, their impact is often constrained by implementation gaps driven by weak health systems, limited resources, and sociocultural factors. This perspective article highlights the untapped potential of implementation science (IS) frameworks to improve the planning, implementation, and evaluation of MCH programs in Nigeria. This study examines four key implementation science frameworks: the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), RE-AIM, Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS), and the Diffusion of Innovations and explores their relevance to Nigeria's MCH system using case examples. Key challenges include limited IS capacity, weak health system structures, and sociocultural barriers. However, opportunities exist in digital health innovations, workforce development, and multi-sectoral collaboration. Integrating implementation science into national MCH strategies could enhance their effectiveness and accelerate progress toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.