Fast and ballistic contractions involve greater neuromuscular power production in older adults during resistance exercise.

MC DERMOTT, Emmet J, BALSHAW, Thomas G, BROOKE-WAVELL, Katherine, MADEN-WILKINSON, Tom and FOLLAND, Jonathan P (2022). Fast and ballistic contractions involve greater neuromuscular power production in older adults during resistance exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 122 (7), 1639-1655.

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Abstract

PURPOSE: Neuromuscular power is critical for healthy ageing. Conventional older adult resistance training (RT) guidelines typically recommend lifting slowly (2-s; CONV), whereas fast/explosive contractions performed either non-ballistically (FAST-NB) or ballistically (FAST-B, attempting to throw the load) may involve greater acute power production, and could ultimately provide a greater chronic power adaptation stimulus. To compare the neuromechanics (power, force, velocity, and muscle activation) of different types of concentric isoinertial RT contractions in older adults. METHODS: Twelve active older adult males completed three sessions, each randomly assigned to one type of concentric contraction (CONV or FAST-NB or FAST-B). Each session involved lifting a range of loads (20-80%1RM) using an instrumented isoinertial leg press dynamometer that measured power, force, and velocity. Muscle activation was assessed with surface electromyography (sEMG). RESULTS: Peak and mean power were markedly different, according to the concentric contraction explosive intent FAST-B > FAST-NB > CONV, with FAST-B producing substantially more power (+ 49 to 1172%, P ≤ 0.023), force (+ 10 to 136%, P < 0.05) and velocity (+ 55 to 483%, P ≤ 0.025) than CONV and FAST-NB contractions. Knee and hip extensor sEMG were typically higher during FAST-B than CON (all P < 0.02) and FAST-NB (≤ 50%1RM, P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: FAST-B contractions produced markedly greater power, force, velocity and muscle activation across a range of loads than both CONV or FAST-NB and could provide a more potent RT stimulus for the chronic development of older adult power.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ageing; Muscle activation; Neuromechanics; Resistance training prescription; 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences; Sport Sciences
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-04947-x
Page Range:	1639-1655
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Elements
Depositing User:	Symplectic Elements
Date Deposited:	26 Apr 2022 14:12
Last Modified:	12 Oct 2023 11:31
URI:	https://shura.shu.ac.uk/id/eprint/30150

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