Pb, Bi, and rare earth free X6R barium titanate–sodium niobate ceramics for high voltage capacitor applications

FAN, Yongbo, WANG, Xinzhen, LI, Hongtian, FETEIRA, Antonio, WANG, Dawei, WANG, Ge, SINCLAIR, Derek C. and REANEY, Ian M. (2023). Pb, Bi, and rare earth free X6R barium titanate–sodium niobate ceramics for high voltage capacitor applications. Applied Physics Letters, 122 (14): 143901. [Article]

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Abstract
0.9Ba(Ti1xMgx)O3x-0.1NaNbO3 (BTNN-100xMg) solid solutions are investigated with a view to developing Bi, Pb, and rare earth free, high voltage multilayer ceramic capacitors. Mg doping on the B-site significantly reduced the electronic conductivity and resulted in ceramics that could withstand a pulsed unipolar field of >300 kV/cm (Emax) to give a recoverable energy density of 3.4 J/cm3 at 82.6% efficiency for x ¼ 0.01. The high Emax is accompanied by a high dielectric permittivity (e0 1700 at room temperature) with temperature-stable dielectric permittivity of De/e298K � 615% and loss tangent tan d < 0.02 from 116 to 378 K, corresponding to an X6R designation in the Electronic Industry Alliance codes
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