Scaffolding talk in EAP lessons: an examination of experienced teachers’ practices

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore how experienced teachers use classroom talk to support their pedagogic goals in pre-sessional and in-sessional EAP lessons. Design: Data were gathered by video recording four teachers’ EAP lessons. Two lessons were pre-sessional and two lessons were in-sessional. A framework which identified scaffolding for metacognitive, cognitive and affective activities was used to examine how the four teachers supported pre-sessional and in-sessional students’ understanding of academic language and discourse practices. Findings: The data revealed that although scaffolding of language and affect are prevalent in classroom talk in all four lessons, goal-focused metacognitive scaffolding was a distinct feature of in-sessional EAP lessons. The findings suggest that pre-sessional EAP teachers could provide more goal-oriented scaffolding by linking activities to the overall EAP goals. Originality: The originality of this article lies in the identification of potential differences between pre-sessional and in-sessional EAP classoom talk. In particular, a more ‘efficient’ type of in-sessional classroom talk was identified. The implications of this study lie in teacher development for teachers moving from general ELT to EAP, as well as the potential use of classroom transcripts as a tool for analysis and reflection on practice.