An evaluation of a mental toughness education and training program for early-career English football league referees

SLACK, Liam A., MAYNARD, Ian, BUTT, Joanne and OLUSOGA, Peter (2015). An evaluation of a mental toughness education and training program for early-career English football league referees. Sports Psychologist, 29 (3), 237-257.

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Abstract

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a Mental Toughness Education and Training Program (MTETP) in elite football officiating. The MTETP consisted of four individual and two group-based workshops designed to develop Mental Toughness (MT) and enhance performance in three English Football League (EFL) referees. Adopting a single-subject, multiple-baseline-across-participants design, MT and referee-assessor reports were evaluated. Self and coach-ratings of MT highlighted an instant and continued improvement in all three referees during the intervention phases. Performance reports of all referees improved throughout the intervention phases compared to the baseline phase. Social validation data indicated that an array of strategies within the MTETP facilitated MT development. Discussions acknowledge theoretical and practical implications relating to the continued progression of MT interventions in elite sport.

Item Type:	Article
Research Institute, Centre or Group - Does NOT include content added after October 2018:	Centre for Sport and Exercise Science
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2014-0015
Page Range:	237-257
Depositing User:	Alison Beswick
Date Deposited:	12 May 2015 10:38
Last Modified:	18 Mar 2021 04:34
URI:	https://shura.shu.ac.uk/id/eprint/9711

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