Unravelling Biofilms: Biocultural Surfaces - Crafting, Community and Communication

Biofilms are complex, surface‑associated microbial communities that contribute significantly to antimicrobial resistance and healthcare‑associated infections. Communicating these concepts to the public is essential for improving understanding of microbial processes and promoting responsible antibiotic use. Unravelling Biofilms: Biocultural Surfaces is a STEAM‑based public engagement project that integrates microbiology with textile crafts to facilitate multimodal learning and dialogue. Across five workshops delivered to community groups and at a city‑centre public engagement event, participants engaged in knitting and crocheting to construct a collaborative biofilm artwork while discussing bacteria, biofilms, antibiotics, and antimicrobial resistance. Fifty‑one participants completed exit questionnaires assessing perceived knowledge, attitudes toward science, and intended future actions. Significant increases were observed in self‑reported knowledge of bacteria, biofilms, biocides, and antibiotics. Participants also reported greater perceptions of science as relevant and accessible, and many indicated intentions to seek further information, attend future events, or continue crafting. Open‑text responses highlighted strong engagement with microbiological concepts, enthusiasm for learning new craft skills, and increased awareness of university research. Demographic patterns suggested that community‑based delivery effectively engaged older adults, while city‑centre events attracted younger participants. Overall, this study demonstrates that craft‑based STEAM engagement can enhance understanding of microbiology, support transdisciplinary learning, and broaden participation across diverse communities. The Unravelling Biofilms model offers a scalable, inclusive approach for communicating complex scientific topics through creative, collaborative practice.