Synthesis of Bioactive Glass Doped With Bismuth, Zinc, and Copper for Bone Regeneration: Structural and Hemodynamic Analysis Employing ANSYS Static Structural and Fluent Modeling

Bioactive glasses (BG) are heavily explored biomaterials especially for their bone and tissue regenerative property and biocompatibility. In this study, the synthesis of BG doped with Bi, Zn, and Cu (representative of Bi-213, Cu-64, and Zn-65 radioisotopes) was investigated at 100°C via the sol-gel method, followed by calcination at 700°C. Addition of dopants such as Bi, Zn, and Cu enhance the localized treatment of bone malignancies, aiming to combine therapeutic effects with enhanced mechanical integrity. The composition of the BG consisted roughly of 50% SiO2, 25% Na2O, and 25% CaO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to identify the crystalline phases and to determine the presence of specific functional groups in the BG, respectively. The XRD peaks demonstrated that Sodium Calcium Silicate (Devitrite) was present in the synthesized BG where highest intensity peak was observed at 2θ = 29.8°. A finite element analysis (FEA) was performed on the scaffold model with undoped BG properties to investigate the effect of blood pressure, which revealed minimal overall deformation averaging ∼0.12 Å, with edge deformation ranging from 1.58 to 0.635 Å. Furthermore, CFD analyses were conducted to explore the flow distribution through the microchannel network of the scaffold, which indicated favorable blood flow and pressure distribution throughout the BG.