A pragmatic guide to data integration for pediatric researchers: The nuts and bolts of mixed methods analysis

Objective

To provide pragmatic guidance on data analysis, integration, and reporting guidance for investigators new to mixed methods research.

Methods

Three core mixed methods designs (convergent, explanatory sequential, and exploratory sequential) are described. Key decision points related to data integration—specifying intent, data selection, data preparation, integration strategies, use of analysis software, reporting—are explained, including comparison of decision points across the different mixed methods designs.

Results

Recommendations for addressing key decisions during analysis are provided and supported with published examples from mixed methods studies focused on pediatric populations.

Conclusions

Integration of qualitative and quantitative data is the defining characteristic of mixed methods research but can be challenging to fully achieve and adequately report. Decision-making about the aims of the mixed methods analysis and how they will be achieved should begin early in the research process through collaboration among team members’ with expertise and experience in qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies. A variety of approaches to data integration and write-up of the integrated results can be taken and are reviewed in the current manuscript.