A coach’s guide to velocity-based training: Definitions and diagnostics

Velocity-based training (VBT) uses the measurement of velocity to help inform and influence testing, monitoring, programming, autoregulation, and feedback strategies within strength and conditioning (S&C) practice. This review focuses specifically on the definitions and underpinning principles of VBT, as well as load-velocity profiling, while undertaking an in-depth evaluation of the literature and translating this information into practical recommendations for S&C coaches. There is a detailed evaluation of the different ways to construct a load-velocity profile (LVP), providing examples of simplicity, time efficiency, increased accuracy, and optimizing training prescriptions and manipulations. New approaches, such as combining ballistic and nonballistic exercises, and methods of extrapolation have been explored. In addition, this review highlights practical considerations regarding data analysis, specific exercises, statistical modeling, number of loads, and extrapolation methods. A worked example of using LVP data within Excel has also been presented. Finally, there is a focus on 1 repetition maximum prediction, the benefits and challenges of implementing such an approach, and the most appropriate ways of collecting reliable and valid data.