Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a psychotherapeutic approach based on relational frame theory (RFT). ACT is based on the principle that attempting to remove, replace, or reduce unwanted thoughts and sensations is a root cause of human suffering. Rather than helping individuals to rid themselves of such unwanted internal experiences (e.g., distressing thoughts or the unwanted physical sensations associated with anxiety), ACT uses acceptance and mindfulness processes and commitment and behavioural strategies to help clients change the relationship that they have with their internal experiences. Mindfulness-acceptance approaches in sport psychology have become more prevalent since Gardner and Moore discussed their application to performance contexts. In this chapter, the theoretical underpinning of ACT will be discussed in detail and a review of the relevant sport psychology literature will be provided. The authors will also provide a hypothetical case study of an athlete presenting with issues related to confidence and decision-making. The case study is used to explain how ACT can typically be applied in a one-to-one setting, using a hypothetical transcript. Typical exercises, activities, and metaphors that might be used during consultancy are also included.