Reconceptualising knowledge in the athlete-coach learning system: A mixed method case study of harnessing bi-directional self-organising tendencies with a national wheelchair rugby league team

Knowledge and knowledge transfer are often viewed in unitary and hierarchical terms, where a linear transaction takes place between an individual in possession of a body of knowledge and a person in need of that knowledge. Although this traditional view of knowledge transfer is common within the sport domain, it is problematic because knowledge is treated as a self-contained entity. The overarching purpose of this study was to explore the ecological role of knowledge, underpinning performance preparation processes in an international coaching setting. Specifically, we investigated how bi-directional self-organising (coordination) tendencies (coach and athlete-led) can be exploited to facilitate the formation of attacking synergies within the team sport of wheelchair rugby league. A mixed method case study approach was employed to collect data, involving semi-structured interviews, reflexive observations and field notes, and notational analysis. Results from the study described the transitional process of positioning an ecological view of knowledge transfer as a guiding principle to enhance athlete and practitioner collaboration. This reciprocal relationship provided documented opportunities to enhance on and off field team synergy. The pedagogical experiences we describe emerged throughout periods of uncertainty, requiring effortful interactions, forged on the continuous coupling of key agents (individuals), content, and context, enabling application, refinement, and opportunities for team synergies to evolve in performance preparation. Results suggested that the challenge of understanding and facilitating knowledge transfer could be embedded within the ecology of a complex adaptive system, sustained as a contextualised activity that is reciprocally constructed through on-going correspondence between athletes, scientists, practitioners, and the competitive performance context.