Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction for Patients with Claudication: A Randomised Controlled Feasibility Trial

Background: Claudication is a common and debilitating symptom of peripheral artery disease, resulting in poor exercise performance and quality of life (QoL). Supervised exercise programmes are effective rehabilitation for patients with claudication, but they are poorly adhered in part to high pain and effort associated with walking, aerobic and resistance exercise. Low-intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) represents an alternative exercise method for individuals who are intolerant to high-intensity protocols. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a supervised BFR programme in patients with claudication. Methods: Thirty patients with stable claudication completed an 8-week supervised exercise programme and were randomised to either BFR (n = 15) or a control of matched exercise without BFR (control; n = 15). Feasibility, safety, and efficacy was assessed. Results: All success criteria of feasibility trial were met. Exercise adherence was high (BFR = 78.3%, control = 83.8%), lost to follow-up was 10%, there were no adverse events. Clinical improvement in walking was achieved in 86% of patients in BFR but only 46% of patients in the control. Time to claudication pain during walking increased by 35% for BFR but was unchanged for the control. QoL for BFR showed to have improved mobility, ability to do usual activities, pain, depression, and overall health at follow-up. Conclusion: A supervised BFR programme is feasible in patients with claudication and has potential to increase exercise performance, reduce pain, and improve QoL.