Optimum MPPT technique for reconfiguring the photovoltaic array under partial shading failure

Partial shading (PS) considerably restricts photovoltaic (PV) systems, requiring extraction of the global maximum power point (GMPP). This persistent challenge engenders continuous fluctuations in the maximum power point (MPP) and demands utmost attention. In this regard, this paper presents a novel hybrid scanning technique and a Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm meticulously designed to accurately track the PV array's GMPP encountering PS, non-uniform dust deposition, or any common failures. Furthermore, it serves as an efficient tool that operates in tandem with the dynamic reconfiguration approaches. Extensive simulation tests were carried out using MATLAB Simulink software, while the validation and verification processes were conducted using an integrated Arduino board. Consequently, the simulation results exhibit outstanding accuracy and stability.