Integrating physical activity into the treatment of depression in adults: a qualitative enquiry

Around 246 million people globally suffer from depression. Physical activity (PA) can reduce the risk of depression by 30% and is recognised as an effective treatment for mild‐to‐moderate depression (MMD). However, a high proportion of patients with MMD are currently inactive and the implementation of PA as an adherent treatment for MMD is not well understood. This study contributes to a growing body of research exploring how to support people who are experiencing MMD to increase their PA levels (i.e. initiation and maintenance). It investigated which factors individuals with MMD perceived to be important for integrating PA into the treatment of depression in adults. In‐depth interviews were carried out with individuals with MMD (N = 6), and data were analysed using thematic analysis. Two main theories of social capital that of Bourdieu and Putnam informed the discussion of findings. The initiation and maintenance of PA were linked to individual factors including health (i.e. nature of depression; comorbidities); abilities and tastes; socioeconomic status (e.g. financial position) and positive encouragement. In addition, maintenance emerged as dependent upon the choice, enjoyment, and meaningfulness of PA itself, and, for those who engaged in group PA, on social capital. PA interventions need to be personalised. This goes beyond a simple exercise prescription based on functional ability, but instead takes into account the needs, desires and capabilities of the whole person. The nature of MMD, the wider physical and socio‐economic context and the social capital that is available to the individual also need to be harnessed.

How Physical Activity Can Help Treat Depression in Adults

What is this research about?

This study examines the role of physical activity (PA) in treating adults with mild-to-moderate depression (MMD). Depression affects millions of people worldwide, and while exercise is known to be beneficial, many individuals with depression struggle to remain physically active. The research investigates the reasons behind this issue and seeks ways to better support individuals in increasing their physical activity levels. The researchers conducted six in-depth interviews with adults experiencing depression to gain insights into their experiences with physical activity. The results show that itiating and maintaining a physical activity routine can be particularly challenging for people who live with depression. The study identified the need for a personalised approach to physical activity that considers each person's mental health, personal interests, and life circumstances. Key elements that helped participants remain active included enjoyment, motivation, and having a supportive social network. Enjoyment, feeling motivated, and having supportive people around were key factors that helped participants stay active.

Why is it important?

Depression is one of the most common mental health conditions worldwide, and traditional treatments like talking therapy and medication do not work for everyone. Physical activity is a cost-effective option that can improve mood, reduce anxiety, and enhance overall well-being. However, many individuals with depression find it challenging to start or maintain a physical activity routine due to low motivation, lack of energy, or feelings of being overwhelmed. This research stresses the importance of tailoring physical activity programmes to meet individual needs. It is not just about recommending exercise but about understanding each person's circumstances. Social connections, personal preferences, practical support, free-of-charge physical activity opportunities, or arranging transport from people's homes to exercise venues can make physical activity feasible. Health professionals should, therefore, collaborate closely with patients to identify activities they enjoy, encourage, and help them overcome barriers.

Key Takeaways:

Physical activity opportunities need to be personalised in a way that takes in awareness of the wider social context. This includes making use of whatever social capital is available to the individual.