The job of managing in adult education: Team approaches.

Effectiveness is found a useful sensitising concept for managersevaluating their own work, for which basic methods ate suggested. The relationship of these managerial investigations to practitioner and participatory research is explored, and suggestions for enhancing objectivity when participant observation is used as a research method are made. The relationship of effectiveness indicators to each other -- termed "quantum" effectiveness -- is suggested for research by managers into managerial and organisational effectiveness to aid managerial and organisational development.