Dose-dependent expression of claudin-5 is a modifying factor in schizophrenia.

GREENE, C, KEALY, J, HUMPHRIES, M M, GONG, Y, HOU, J, HUDSON, N, CASSIDY, L M, MARTINIANO, R, SHASHI, V, HOOPER, S R, GRANT, G A, KENNA, P F, NORRIS, Karl, CALLAGHAN, C K, ISLAM, M dN, O'MARA, S M, NAJDA, Z, CAMPBELL, Susan, PACHTER, J S, THOMAS, J, WILLIAMS, N M, HUMPHRIES, P, MURPHY, K C and CAMPBELL, M (2017). Dose-dependent expression of claudin-5 is a modifying factor in schizophrenia. Molecular psychiatry, 3 (11), 2156-2166.

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Abstract

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects up to 1% of the general population. Various genes show associations with schizophrenia and a very weak nominal association with the tight junction protein, claudin-5, has previously been identified. Claudin-5 is expressed in endothelial cells forming part of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, schizophrenia occurs in 30% of individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a population who are haploinsufficient for the claudin-5 gene. Here, we show that a variant in the claudin-5 gene is weakly associated with schizophrenia in 22q11DS, leading to 75% less claudin-5 being expressed in endothelial cells. We also show that targeted adeno-associated virus-mediated suppression of claudin-5 in the mouse brain results in localized BBB disruption and behavioural changes. Using an inducible 'knockdown' mouse model, we further link claudin-5 suppression with psychosis through a distinct behavioural phenotype showing impairments in learning and memory, anxiety-like behaviour and sensorimotor gating. In addition, these animals develop seizures and die after 3-4 weeks of claudin-5 suppression, reinforcing the crucial role of claudin-5 in normal neurological function. Finally, we show that anti-psychotic medications dose-dependently increase claudin-5 expression in vitro and in vivo while aberrant, discontinuous expression of claudin-5 in the brains of schizophrenic patients post mortem was observed compared to age-matched controls. Together, these data suggest that BBB disruption may be a modifying factor in the development of schizophrenia and that drugs directly targeting the BBB may offer new therapeutic opportunities for treating this disorder.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 10 October 2017; doi:10.1038/mp.2017.156.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	** From PubMed via Jisc Publications Router. ** History: ** received: 31-03-2017 ** revised: 22-05-2017 ** accepted: 07-06-2017
Research Institute, Centre or Group - Does NOT include content added after October 2018:	Biomedical Research Centre
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2017.156
Page Range:	2156-2166
SWORD Depositor:	Hilary Ridgway
Depositing User:	Hilary Ridgway
Date Deposited:	25 Oct 2017 11:11
Last Modified:	18 Mar 2021 07:06
URI:	https://shura.shu.ac.uk/id/eprint/17132

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