Youth academy player development in English football : the impact of regulation since 2006

Purpose: From the 2006-2007 season, UEFA introduced regulation into European football by imposing 'home-grown' quotas on clubs. The rationale for this intervention aimed to remedy partial market failure by influencing issues in the game, namely reducing opportunities for 'local' players and stockpiling players. Rule changes have amplified the importance of developing 'home-grown' players; however, the UEFA rule is not limited by nationality, which is an inhibiting factor. Methodology: The sample used was the ten seasons from the introduction of the legislation (2006-2007 to 2015-2016). The results quantify English player production in these ten seasons, focusing on outputs (number of players, top-flight playing statistics, academy attended, club played for, age, and international experience). Clubs are also categorised and analysed by the number of seasons played. Findings: 369 English players have debuted since 2006-07, although only 141 developed through the eight 'category 1' (ever-present) clubs. A high proportion of players are developing at elite clubs but having limited playing time and subsequently transferring to lower ranked clubs. The clubs promoted to the English Premier League (EPL) each season have introduced more English players into the EPL (167) than 'category 1' clubs (112), and these clubs account for a minority of minutes played by new entrants (13%). Furthermore, clubs outside the EPL are producing a significant number of English players, including those progressing to the national team. Competing organisational purposes between the EPL, The FA and professional clubs have combined to create a complex environment and options for the future are discussed.