DHARMADASA, I, ECHENDU, O. K., FAUZI, F., ABDUL-MAFAF, N. A., OLUSOLA, O. I., SALIM, H.I., MADUGU, M.L and OJO, A.A. (2016). Improvement of composition of CdTe thin films during heat treatment in the presence of CdCl2. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 28 (3), 2343-2352.
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Abstract
CdCl2 treatment is a crucial step in development of CdS/CdTe solar cells. Although this rocessing step has been used over a period of three decades, full understanding is not yet achieved. This paper reports the experimental evidence for improvement of composition of CdTe layers during CdCl2 treatment. This investigation makes use of four selected analytical techniques; Photo-electro-chemical (PEC) cell, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CdTe layers used were electroplated using three Cd precursors; CdSO4, Cd(NO3)2 and CdCl2. Results show the improvement of stoichiometry of CdTe layers during CdCl2 treatment through chemical reaction between Cd from CdCl2 and elemental Te that usually precipitate during CdTe growth, due to its natural behaviour. XRD and SEM results show that the low-temperature (~85ºC) electroplated CdTe layers consist of ~(20-60) nm size crystallites, but after CdCl2 treatment, the layers show drastic recrystallisation with grains becoming a few microns in size. These CdCl2 treated layers are then comparable to high temperature grown CdTe layers by the size of grains.
Item Type: | Article |
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Research Institute, Centre or Group - Does NOT include content added after October 2018: | Materials and Engineering Research Institute > Advanced Coatings and Composites Research Centre > Electronic Materials and Sensors Research Group |
Identification Number: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5802-9 |
Page Range: | 2343-2352 |
Depositing User: | Helen Garner |
Date Deposited: | 13 Oct 2016 16:47 |
Last Modified: | 18 Mar 2021 01:00 |
URI: | https://shura.shu.ac.uk/id/eprint/13795 |
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