Multiple inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in a 33-year-old male with a fatal case of COVID-19

SAHEB SHARIF-ASKARI, Narjes, HAFEZI, Shirin, SAHEB SHARIF-ASKARI, Fatemeh, ALI HUSSAIN ALSAYED, Hawra, AHMED, Samrein, ALSAFAR, Habiba S. and HALWANI, Rabih (2024). Multiple inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in a 33-year-old male with a fatal case of COVID-19. Heliyon, 10 (8): e29338.

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Abstract

The host genetic inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) have been shown to contribute to susceptibility to life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as it had been associated previously with other viral infections. Most genetic association studies have described IEIs as a monogenic defect, while there have been no reports of patients with multiple inherited immune deficiencies. This is a complex case of IEIs predisposing to severe viral infections in an unvaccinated 33-year-old male patient. The patient was admitted with no respiratory symptoms, showed a SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive test on the second day of admission, started developing progressive lung consolidation within three days of hospitalization, and was moved from non-invasive to mechanical ventilation within 12 days of hospitalization. Impaired production of type I IFN was detected in patient PBMCs treated with poly(I:C), at both mRNA and protein levels. Whole exome sequencing revealed three mutations across type I IFN production pathway, which were predicted to be loss-of-function (pLOF). The three mutations were predicted to predispose to severe viral infections: monoallelic R488X TLR3, monoallelic His684Arg TLR3, and biallelic Val363Met IRF3. Functional analysis confirmed that all these mutations dysregulated the type I IFN pathway. Evaluation of TLR3 and IRF3 IFN-β1 luciferase reporter activity showed a hypomorphic suppression of function. TOPO TA cloning was used to ascertain the positioning of both TLR3 variants, indicating that both variants were on the same allele. We have described a unique complex IEI patient with multiple mutations, particularly along type I IFN production pathway.

Item Type:	Article
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29338
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Elements
Depositing User:	Symplectic Elements
Date Deposited:	22 Apr 2024 09:49
Last Modified:	23 Apr 2024 12:30
URI:	https://shura.shu.ac.uk/id/eprint/33607

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