Porosity, cracks, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured tooling alloys: a review

BIDARE, Prveen, JIMÉNEZ, Amaia, HASSANIN, Hany and ESSA, Khamis (2022). Porosity, cracks, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured tooling alloys: a review. Advances in Manufacturing, 10 (2), 175-204.

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Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are currently employed for the manufacturing of completely functional parts and have gained the attention of high-technology industries such as the aerospace, automotive, and biomedical fields. This is mainly due to their advantages in terms of low material waste and high productivity, particularly owing to the flexibility in the geometries that can be generated. In the tooling industry, specifically the manufacturing of dies and molds, AM technologies enable the generation of complex shapes, internal cooling channels, the repair of damaged dies and molds, and an improved performance of dies and molds employing multiple AM materials. In the present paper, a review of AM processes and materials applied in the tooling industry for the generation of dies and molds is addressed. AM technologies used for tooling applications and the characteristics of the materials employed in this industry are first presented. In addition, the most relevant state-of-the-art approaches are analyzed with respect to the process parameters and microstructural and mechanical properties in the processing of high-performance tooling materials used in AM processes. Concretely, studies on the AM of ferrous (maraging steels and H13 steel alloy) and non-ferrous (stellite alloys and WC alloys) tooling alloys are also analyzed.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	0910 Manufacturing Engineering; 0912 Materials Engineering; 0913 Mechanical Engineering; 4014 Manufacturing engineering; 4016 Materials engineering; 4017 Mechanical engineering
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-021-00365-y
Page Range:	175-204
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Elements
Depositing User:	Symplectic Elements
Date Deposited:	20 Mar 2024 16:34
Last Modified:	20 Mar 2024 16:34
URI:	https://shura.shu.ac.uk/id/eprint/33286

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