The effect of a prior eccentric lowering phase on concentric neuromechanics during multiple joint resistance exercise in older adults

MCDERMOTT, Emmet, BALSHAW, Thomas G., BROOKE-WAVELL, Katherine, MADEN-WILKINSON, Thomas and FOLLAND, Jonathan (2023). The effect of a prior eccentric lowering phase on concentric neuromechanics during multiple joint resistance exercise in older adults. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports.

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Abstract

Aging involves a marked decline in physical function and especially muscle power. Thus, optimal resistance exercise (RE) to improve muscle power is required for exercise prescription. An eccentric lowering phase immediately before a concentric lift (ECC-CON) may augment concentric power production, due to various proposed mechanisms (e.g., elastic recoil, pre-activation, stretch reflex, contractile history), when compared with a concentric contraction alone (CON-Only). This study compared the effect of a prior eccentric lowering phase on older adult concentric power performance (ECC-CON vs. CON-Only) during a common multiple joint isoinertial RE (i.e., leg press) with a range of loads. Twelve healthy older adult males completed two measurement sessions, consisting of ECC-CON and CON-Only contractions, performed in a counterbalanced order using 20–80% of one repetition maximum [% 1RM] loads on an instrumented isoinertial leg press dynamometer that measured power, force, and velocity. Muscle activation was assessed with surface electromyography (sEMG). For mean power ECC-CON>CON-Only, with a pronounced effect of load on the augmentation of power by ECC-CON (+19 to +55%, 35–80% 1RM, all p < 0.032). Similarly, for mean velocity ECC-CON>CON-Only, especially as load increased (+15 to 54%, 20–80% 1RM, all p < 0.005), but mean force showed more modest benefits of ECC-CON (+9 to 14%, 50–80% 1RM, all p < 0.05). In contrast, peak power and velocity were similar for ECC-CON and CON-Only with all loads. Knee and hip extensor sEMG were similar for both types of contractions. In conclusion, ECC-CON contractions produced greater power, and velocity performance in older adults than CON-Only and may provide a superior stimulus for chronic power development.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences; 1116 Medical Physiology; Sport Sciences; 3202 Clinical sciences; 3208 Medical physiology; 4207 Sports science and exercise
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14435
SWORD Depositor:	Symplectic Elements
Depositing User:	Symplectic Elements
Date Deposited:	23 Jun 2023 15:25
Last Modified:	11 Oct 2023 13:48
URI:	https://shura.shu.ac.uk/id/eprint/32053

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