Sustainability evaluation of last mile food delivery: Pickup point using lockers versus home delivery

The Last mile delivery is known as one of the most costly and highest polluting stages within the food supply chain where food companies deliver the food products to the final consumers. As a new approach in this area, currently, a few food retailers offering pick up point service delivery using lockers. This paper provides a comprehensive comparison of the sustainability performance between home service delivery and picks up point service delivery using lockers. Hypothetical last mile food models for both approaches are developed. A Vehicle Route Problem with Time Window (VRPTW) is developed to minimise the CO2 emission and implemented using the simulated annealing algorithm which is programmed in MATLAB software. Supply Chain GURU Software is adapted to implement the Greenfield analysis to identify the optimal number and the location of the locker facilities through a Greenfield service constraint.