Shaping electronic monitoring markets

Electronic monitoring (EM) systems are formed in competitive global markets in which a multitude of individuals, commercial providers and public authorities actively shape the use of the next generation of electronic tags/bracelets. Thus, each nation's electronic monitoring system is distinct and aligned to specific social, political, commercial and cultural expectations of the technology. The experience of English-speaking western democracies involved in the development of first generation EM systems has, thus far, been of manufacturers and suppliers leading the formation of EM systems. This market-led approach has led to an absence of clarity about the purpose and effectiveness of EM as a criminal justice tool. Analysis of the experience of other jurisdictions can help enhance knowledge about EM, inform decision-making and create realistic expectations for service providers and users. The emergence of second generation EM systems offers renewed opportunities to shape the future of the technology and its use within criminal justice.