Catalytic conversion of limonene over acid activated Serra de Dentro (SD) bentonite

FERNANDES, C., CATRINESCU, C., CASTILHO, P., RUSSO, P. A., CARROTT, M. R. and BREEN, C. (2007). Catalytic conversion of limonene over acid activated Serra de Dentro (SD) bentonite. Applied Catalysis A General, 318, 108-120.

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Link to published version:: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2006.10.048

Abstract

A series of acid-activated clay catalysts were prepared from a purified bentonite, rich in structural iron, collected at Serra de Dentro on the island of Porto Santo. The purified bentonite exhibited a surface area of 130 m(2) g(-1) which increased to values as high as 500 m(2) g(-1) following activation with 4M HCl at 95 degrees C for 30 min (SD-W-95-30). The ability of the activated samples to convert limonene to p-cymene was evaluated using a reaction time of 15 min at 80 degrees C. The sample prepared using 3M HCl at 95 degrees C for 30 min (SD-3M-95-30) offered the optimum combination of surface area (470 m(2) g(-1)) and acidity (0.26 mmol g(-1)) and 95% of the limonene was converted to product. About 15% of the product mixture was p-cymene whilst non-volatile products and polymeric species made up 54% of the product mixture. The presence of iron in the octahedral sheet of the SD bentonite appears responsible for the dehydrogenation activity. TG-MS analysis of acid activated samples, saturated with cyclohexylamine, reflected the dehydrogenation capabilities of the catalysts in that SD-3M-95-30 produced the most benzene and aniline as decomposition/transformation products. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Item Type: Article
Research Institute, Centre or Group - Does NOT include content added after October 2018: Materials and Engineering Research Institute > Advanced Coatings and Composites Research Centre > Polymers, Composites and Spectroscopy Group
Identification Number: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2006.10.048
Page Range: 108-120
Depositing User: Jill Hazard
Date Deposited: 14 May 2010 11:16
Last Modified: 18 Mar 2021 21:15
URI: https://shura.shu.ac.uk/id/eprint/1862

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